3 Days
I.D.#C0219
Most of the man-made emissions are generated on the earth’s surface
and emitted into the atmospheric boundary layer up to about one
kilometer. A large fraction of these pollutants return to the surface
through wet or dry deposition. However, some penetrate beyond
into the free troposphere and further depending on their atmospheric
residence time. Aircraft are the only high altitude man-made source of
emissions. The effect of NOx on ozone creation or depletion is highly
altitude dependent. Subsonic airplanes cruise at altitudes of 8-13 km
whereas supersonic ones cruise at higher altitudes of around 20 km.
The NOx emissions from subsonic aircrafts are considered to produce
ozone, which is a strong greenhouse gas. However, the concern over
environmental impact of aircrafts is not just due to the point of release
of the emissions but also the projected rapid growth of the aviation
industry. The uniqueness of the aircraft engine emission comes from
the following factors. First, air traffic growth exceeds ground traffic
growth rate. Second, pollutants of air traffic are emitted at high
altitudes where they have a greater influence than those at the ground
level. Third, increasing engine operating conditions (higher combustion
chamber pressure and combustor inlet temperature) of modern highlyefficient
gas turbine engine designs tend to increase the quantity of
NOx per unit of fuel consumed.
Aircraft engines are regulated on the amount of pollutants they
produce. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) sets the
standards. The species that are regulated are NOx, CO, unburned
hydrocarbon, and smoke. The increasingly stringent emission
regulations remain the major driving force for civil aircraft gas turbine
combustion research. While the best annular combustor technology
is able to meet current regulations, the double annular combustors
(DAC) have demonstrated a substantial reduction in NOx production.
These low pollutant engines (already in service) are the starting point
for ultra low emission combustors. This seminar will present a concise
review of the combustion issues and terminology in engines and the
attendee will gain a solid understanding of the mechanism of pollutant
formations in the combustion chamber along with thorough knowledge
of fuel combustion and design issues in gas turbine combustors.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this seminar, attendees will be able to:
Identify and recognize the important processes in the gas turbine
engine combustor and its relation to engine performance, efficiency
and emissions
Identify and discuss strategies for reduction of pollutant species from
gas turbine engines
Review the effects of combustor design and engine operating
conditions on combustion and emissions
Create and support recommendations regarding ignition,
combustion, and emission aspects in your company
Describe the technology and the logic behind the current and future
engine combustor designs
Identify key factors for optimum combustion chamber design and
low engine emission of pollutants
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